Sixteen Kingdoms

 This article is the top of the

 Han Zhao

 Cheng Han

 Later Zhao

 Former Liang

 Later Liang

 Southern Liang

 Western Liang 

 Northern Liang

 Former Qin

 Later Qin

 Western Qin

 Former Yan

 Later Yan

 Southern Yan

 Northern Yan

 Western Yan

 Ran Min

 Tuoba

 Yuwen

 Duan

 Tiefu

 Chouchi

 Dingling

 This article is part of the

 Southern Dynasties

 Song Dynasty (420-479)

 Qi Dynasty

 Liang Dynasty

 Chen Dynasty

 Sixteen Kingdoms

 Northern Dynasties

 Northern Wei Dynasty

 Eastern Qi Dynasty

 Western Qi Dynasty

 Northern Qi Dynasty

 Northern Zhou Dynasty

The Sixteen Kingdoms, or less commonly the Sixteen States, were a collection of numerous short-lived regimes in the China proper and neighboring areas from AD 304 to 439 after the retreat of the Jin Dynasty (265-420) to Southern China and before the establishment of the Northern Dynasties. Almost all rulers of the kingdoms claimed to be the emperors and wangs (kings) within their kingdoms, except six Chinese rulers of Former Liang who nominally remained under the government of Jin Dynasty.

   Yongfeng (永鳳 yong3 feng4) 308-309

   Herui    (河瑞 he2 rui4)    309-310

   Jiaping   (嘉平 jia1 ping2)   311-315

   Jianyuan  (建元 jian4 yuan2)  315-316

   Linjia    (麟嘉 lin2 jia1)    316-318

   Taihe    (太和 tai4 he2)    328-330

   Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 330-333

   Yanxi    (延熙 yan2 xi1)    334

   Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2)   349

   Yanping  (晏平 yan4 ping2)  305-311

   Yuheng   (玉衡 yu4 heng2)   311-334

   Jianing (嘉寧 jia1 ning2) 346-347

   Yuanxi    (元璽 yuan2 xi3)        353-357

   Shengping (升平 sheng1 ping2) 357

   Guangshou (光壽 gunag1 shou4)     357-360

   Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 365-370
  

   Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 386-396

   Changluo (長樂 chang2 le4)  399-401

   Jianshi  (建始 jian4 shi3)  407

   Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 400-405

   Heping   (和平 he2 ping2) 354-355

   Shengping (升平 sheng1 ping2) 361-363

   Lunjia  (麟嘉 lun2 jia1) 389-396

   Longfei (龍飛 long2 fei1) 396-399

   Jiaping   (嘉平 jia1 ping2)   409-414

   Tian Xi (天璽 tian1 xi3) 399-401

   Xuanshi   (玄始 xuan2 shi3)   412-428

   Chengxuan (承玄 cheng2 xuan2) 428-430

   Yihe      (義和 yi4 he2)      430-433

   Qianshou  (乾壽 qian2 shou4)  443-444

   Jianchu (建初 jian4 chu1)   406-416

   Ganlu    (甘露 gan1 lu4)    359-364

   Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 365-385

   Jianchu (建初 jian4 chu1) 386-393

   Hongshi  (弘始 hong2 shi3) 399-416

   Gengshi (更始 geng4 shi3) 409-412

   Jianhong (建弘 jian4 hong2) 420-428

   Fengxiang (鳳翔 feng4 xiang2) 413-418

   Changwu   (昌武 chang1 wu3)   418-419

   Zhenxing  (真興 chen1 xing1)  419-425

Sovereignties established by Chinese and Wu Hu but traditionally not counted in the Sixteen Kingdoms

Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號)	Personal Names	Period of Reigns	Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years
Convention: use personal name
Chieftains of the Tuoba tribes (see Tuoba)
Ran Wei Kingdom 350-352 (addressed as Wei Kingdom in traditional texts)
Wu Dao Tian Wang (武道天王 wu3 dao4 tian1 wang2)	冉閔 ran3 min3	350-352	Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 350-352
Western (Xi) Yan Empire 384-394
Wei Di (威帝 wei1 di4)	慕容泓 mu4rong2 hong2	384	Yanxing (燕興 yan4 xing1) 384
Did not exist	慕容沖 mu4 rong2 chong1	384-386	Yanxing (燕興 yan4 xing1) 384-385 Gengshi (更始 geng4 shi3) 385-386
Did not exist	段隨 duan4 sui2	386	Changping (昌平 chang1 ping2) 386
Did not exist	慕容韜 mu4 rong2 tao1	386	Jianming (建明 jian4 ming2) 386
Did not exist	慕容瑤 mu4rong2 yao2	386	Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 386
Did not exist	慕容忠 mu4rong2 zhong1	386	Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 386
Did not exist	慕容永 mu4rong2 yong3	386-394	Zhongxing (中興 zhong1 xing1) 386-394
Shu Kingdom 405-413
Cheng Du Wang (成都王 cheng2 du1 wang2)	譙縱 qiao2 zong4	405-413	Did not exist
Chieftains of Tiefu Tribe ( mid-3rd century-391 )
Did not exist	劉去卑 liu2 qu4bei1	mid 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	劉誥升爰 liu2 gao4sheng1yuan2	mid 3rd century - late 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	劉虎 liu2 hu3	early 4th century (309?) - 341	Did not exist
Did not exist	劉務恒 liu2 wu4heng2	341-356	Did not exist
Did not exist	劉閼陋頭 liu2 e4lou4tou2	356-358	Did not exist
Did not exist	劉悉勿祈 liu2 xi1wu4qi2	358-359	Did not exist
Did not exist	劉衛辰 liu2 wei4chen2	359-391	Did not exist
Chieftains of Yuwen Tribe ( late-3rd century-345 )
Did not exist	宇文莫槐 yu3wen2 mo4huai2	late 3rd century-293	Did not exist
Did not exist	宇文普回 yu3wen2 pu3hui2 or 宇文普撥 yu3wen2 pu3bo1	293-late 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	宇文丘不勤 yu3 wen2 qiu1 bu4 qin2	late 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	宇文莫圭 yu3 wen2mo4gui1	late 3rd century (299?)- early 4th century (302?)	Did not exist
Did not exist	宇文悉獨官 yu3wen2 xi1du2guan1	early 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	宇文乞得歸 yu3wen2 qi3de5gui1	early 3rd century - 333	Did not exist
Did not exist	宇文逸豆歸 yu3wen2 yi4dou4gui1	333-345	Did not exist
Dukes of Liaoxi by the Xianbei clan of Duan 303-338
Did not exist	段務勿塵 duan4 wu4wu4chen2	303-310 or 311	Did not exist
Did not exist	段疾陸眷 duan4 ji2lu4juan4	310 or 311 - 318	Did not exist
Did not exist	段涉復辰 duan4 she4fu4chen2	318	Did not exist
Did not exist	段匹磾 duan4 pi3di1	318-321	Did not exist
Did not exist	段末柸 duan4 mo4pei1	318-325	Did not exist
Did not exist	段牙 duan4 ya2	325	Did not exist
Did not exist	段遼 duan4 liao2	326-338	Did not exist
Chieftains, Dukes and Kings of Chouchi, Wuxing and Yinping (late 2nd century- mid 6th century (555?) )
First Phase of Chouchi (late 2nd century-371)
Did not exist	楊騰 yang2 teng2	late 2nd century- early 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊駒 yang2 ju1	early 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊千萬 yang2 qian1wan4	early 3rd century - mid 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊飛龍 yang2 fei1long2	mid 3rd century - late 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊茂搜 yang2 mao4sou1	late 3rd century - 317	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊難敵 yang2 nan2di2	317-334	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊毅 yang2 yi4	334-337	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊初 yang2 chu1	337-355	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊國 yang2 guo2	355-356	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊俊 yang2 jun4	356-360	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊世 yang2 shi4	360-370	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊篡 yang2 cuan4	370-371	Did not exist
Second Phase of Chouchi 385-473
Wu Wang|武王 wu3 wang2	楊定 yang2 ding4	385-394	Did not exist
Hui Wen Wang|惠文王 hui4 wen2 wang2	楊盛 yang2 sheng4	394-425	Did not exist
Xiao Zhao Wang|孝昭王 xiao4 zhao1 wang2	楊玄 yang2 xuan2	425-429	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊保宗 yang2 bao3zong1	429 and 443	Did not exist
Did not exist	]]Yang Nandang|楊難當 yang2 nan2dang1]]	429-441	Jianyi (建義 jian4 yi4) 436-440
Did not exist	楊保熾 yang2 bao3chi4	442-443	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊文德 yang2 wen2de2	443-454	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊元和 yang2 yuan2he2	455-466	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊僧嗣 yang2 seng1si4	466-473	Did not exist
Kings of Wuxing 473-506 and 534-555
Did not exist	楊文度 yang2 wen2du4	473-477	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊文弘 yang2 wen2hong2	477-482	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊後起 yang2 hou4qi3	482-486	Did not exist
An Wang (安王 an1 wang2)	楊集始 yang2 ji2shi3	482-503	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊紹先 yang2 shao4xian1	503-506, 534-535	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊智慧 yang2 zhi4hui4	535-545	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊辟邪 yang2 bi4xie2	545-553	Did not exist
Note: Yang Zhi Hui and Yang Bi Xie could be the same person
Kings of Yinping 477- mid 6th century
Did not exist	楊廣香 yang2 guang3xiang1	477-483?	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊炯 yang2 jiong3	483-495	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊崇祖 yang2 chong2zu3	495-before 502	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊孟孫 yang2 meng4sun1	before 502-511	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊定 yang2 ding4	511- ?	Did not exist

zh-cn:十六国