Marshal of France
The title of Marshal of France (Maréchal de France) was created by Philippe Auguste for Albéric Clément (circa 1190). It latter became a distinction and ruled upon constable, originally above the marshal. Up to 1791, there were 256 Marshals of France. This title was abolished by the National Convention in 1793.
During the First French Empire, there were Empire marshals. Under the Restauration, Empire marshals were reverted to Marshals of France and Napoléon III kept the name unchanged.
The last Marshal of France was De Lattre de Tassigny. His widow kept his title and privileges until her death in 2003. In France, Marshal is a military distinction, not a military rank. Its symbol, the marshal baton, is a blue cylinder with stars (formerly fleur-de-lis).
Some Marshals of France
- Albéric Clément (circa 1190) - first Marshal of France
- Gilles de Rais (1404-1440) - 1329
- Anne de Montmorency (1492-1567) - 1522
- Henri Ier de Montmorency (1534-1614) - 1567
- Henri II de Montmorency (1595-1632) - 1630
- Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne (1611-1675) - 1660
- Pierre François Charles Augereau (1757-1816) - 1804
- Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte (1763-1844) - 1804
- Louis Alexandre Berthier (1753-1815) - 1804
- Jean-Baptiste Bessières (1768-1813) - 1804
- Guillaume Brune (1763-1815) - 1804
- Louis Nicolas Davout (1770-1823) - 1804
- Jean-Baptiste Jourdan (1762-1833) - 1804
- François Christophe Kellermann (1735-1820) - 1804
- Jean Lannes (1769-1809) - 1804
- François Joseph Lefebvre (1755-1820) - 1804
- André Masséna (1756-1817) - 1804
- Bon Adrien Jeannot de Moncey (1754-1842) - 1804
- Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier (1768-1835) - 1804
- Joachim Murat (1767-1815) - May 18 1804
- Michel Ney (1769-1815) - 1804
- Dominique Catherine (1754-1818) - 1804
- Jean Matthieu Philibert (1742-1819) - 1804
- Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult (1769-1851) - 1804
- Claude Perrin Victor (1764-1841) - 1807
- Etienne Macdonald (1765-1840) - July 6 1809
- Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de Marmont (1774-1852) - 1809
- Nicolas Charles Oudinot (1767-1847) - 1809
- Louis Gabriel Suchet (1770-1826) - 1811
- Laurent, Marquis de Gouvion Saint-Cyr (1764-1830) - 1812
- Józef Antoni Poniatowski (1763-1813) - 1813
- Jean Victor Moreau (1763-1813) - 1814 (posthumous)
- Georges Cadoudal (1771-1804) - 1814 (posthumous)
- Aimable Jean Jacques Pélissier (1794-1864) - 1851
- Jean-Isidore Harispe - (1768-1855) December 11 1851
- Jean-Baptiste Vaillant - (1790-1862) - December 11 1851
- Boniface de Castellane - (1788-1862) - December 2 1852
- Bernard Pierre Magnan (1791-1865) - December 2 1852
- Armand Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud (1801-1854) - December 2 1852
- Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers - (1795-1878) - August 28 1854
- Aimable Jean Jacques Pélissier (1794-1864) - September 12 1855
- Pierre Jean Bosquet (1810-1861) - March 18 1856
- François Certain Canrobert (1809-1895) - March 18 1856
- Jacques Louis Randon (1795-1871) - March 18 1856
- Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de Mac-Mahon (1808-1898) - 5 juin 1859
- Adolphe Niel (1802-1869) - June 25 1859
- Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angely (1794-1870) - June 5 1859
- Philippe Antoine d'Ornano (1784-1863) - April 2 1861
- Élie Frédéric Forey (1804-1872) - July 2 1863
- Achille François Bazaine (1811-1888) - September 5 1864
- Edmond Le Bœuf (1809-1888) - March 24 1870
- Joseph Jacques Césaire Joffre (1852-1931) - December 25 1916
- Philippe Pétain (1856-1951) - 1918
- Ferdinand Foch (1851-1929) - 1918
- Émile Fayolle (1852-1928) - 1921
- Louis Félix Marie Franchet d'Esperey (1856-1942) - 1921
- Joseph Simon Gallieni (1849-1916) - 1921 (posthumous)
- Louis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey (1854-1934) - 1921
- Joseph Maunoury (1847-1923) - 1923 (posthumous)
- Jean-Marie de Lattre de Tassigny (1889-1952) - 1952 (posthumous)
- Alphonse Juin (1888-1967) - 1952
- Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque (1902-1947) - August 23 1952
- Marie Pierre Kœnig (1898-1970) - 1984 (posthumous)
